An IVF specialist stimulates the development of multiple eggs, which are then harvested for fertilisation. The partner’s (or donor’s) sperm is used to fertilise viable eggs in a precise and controlled process. The quality of the developing embryos is then assessed. The most healthy embryo is chosen and transferred to the uterus. The embryo develops into a healthy baby if the procedure is successful. Although not every IVF cycle is successful, this is an ideal procedure. Some patients may experience multiple IVF failures. Failures are costly and emotionally draining for the couple.
Before discussing the cause, it is critical to understand what constitutes multiple IVF failure. The term “repeated IVF failure” refers to situations in which three or more unsuccessful attempts to conceive using healthy embryos have occurred. It is a term that refers to both situations in which a woman is unable to become pregnant and situations in which a pregnancy ends in an early miscarriage.
Multiple IVF failures can have a variety of causes, and not all of them are entirely the fault of the mother.
Embryo Quality
The majority of IVF failures occur when embryos cease to develop. When embryos fail to implant after transfer, it is often due to a mistake that preimplantation genetic screening missed. Embryos cannot implant if they are unable to grow.
Age of Eggs
The embryo’s quality varies depending on the age of the egg. For women over the age of 35, this can lead to repeated failures. All of a woman’s eggs are present in the early stages of her life, but the quality of her eggs degrades as she ages. Harvesting viable eggs becomes more difficult near menopause. Women under the age of 35 have a 45% implantation rate, while women over the age of 40 have a 15% implantation rate.
Autoimmune Disorders
Around 10% of the population is affected by autoimmune diseases, and 80% of those with autoimmune disorders are women. When your immune system attacks healthy tissue, it can cause inflammation and cell death. This is known as an autoimmune disease. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Addison’s disease, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and lupus are a few of the more prevalent immune disorders.
The antibodies found in women with specific autoimmune diseases prevent embryo implantation and multiple IVF failures. Some people discover they have an autoimmune disease only when they start looking for reasons why they can’t get pregnant.
Chromosomal Issues
The main causes of IVF failure, like natural conception, are chromosomal abnormalities in embryos. Beginning in her mid-30s, a woman’s eggs begin to have more chromosome abnormalities. By the time she reaches her mid-40s, she will have 75% more abnormalities. Men’s sperm chromosomal abnormalities increase as they age.
Preimplantation genetic screening or testing detects chromosomal abnormalities prior to embryo implantation in the uterus.
Lifestyle
Factors such as smoking, drinking, poor nutrition, and being significantly underweight or overweight can all have an impact on your IVF success. In fact, smoking raises the risk of miscarriage and requires twice as many IVF cycles for women to conceive.
Causes of Repeated IVF Failures
Poor Oocyte Quality:
The quality of oocytes is likely to decline with age.
Poor Sperm Quality:
If the sperm is of poor quality, it may be unable to penetrate the egg shell, resulting in ineffective fertilisation.
Wrong Embryo Selection: If an abnormal embryo is chosen, the uterus is likely to reject it. It is critical to select a normal embryo for a successful cycle.
Issues in the Uterus:
There are high chances that an IVF cycle will fail if there are problems in the uterus, particularly the endometrial lining. The likelihood that an IVF cycle will fail also increases if the woman has fibroids, polyps, a difficult cervix, intrauterine adhesions, or an abnormally shaped uterus.
Issues with Embryo Transfer:
Embryo transfer is a delicate, non-surgical procedure that must be performed in the right environment and at the right time. To reduce risk, a trial transfer is recommended to ensure that the embryo is properly positioned inside the uterus.
When IVF fails, what’s next?
Infertility Counselling
Infertility counselling provides a safe environment in which you can express your feelings and emotions. In this situation, you don’t have to worry about offending your partner or anyone else. It can assist you in releasing your feelings rather than repressing them and allowing them to worsen later. Throughout this process, you can work with your counsellor to determine coping mechanisms and techniques.
Endometrial Receptivity Assay (ERA)
An endometrial biopsy is carried out to determine if the uterus is receptive to implantation based on gene expression investigations. It assists the specialist choose the best day to implant the embryo.
Uterine Evaluation/Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
The uterus and fallopian tubes will be examined during an in-depth uterine evaluation. For a successful IVF cycle, this knowledge helps to determine the exact tubal status, reducing failure risk by nearly 50%.
IVF Support groups
Connecting with these groups of people can help you feel a little less alone as you continue to pursue your dreams of having a family. It is a good idea to research IVF support groups within your local community. In addition to providing inspiration, hearing others’ stories can help you cope.
Additional IVF Cycles
A failed IVF cycle can lead to further attempts at IVF by individuals and couples. A successful IVF cycle requires multiple cycles.
How many IVF cycles does the average person need?
On average, three IVF cycles are required to conceive using one’s own eggs. The procedure’s success and the number of cycles required are determined by a woman’s age, ovarian reserves, fallopian tubes, and lifestyle. Women under the age of 35 have the highest success rate with IVF. The ovarian reserve is the number of high-quality eggs. Fallopian tubes are also important; if they become blocked, it will be difficult to become pregnant. Finally, lifestyle has a significant impact on success; smoking or being overweight can reduce the likelihood of IVF success.
